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This website is under construction and was last updated on:
19 February 2012
Purpose of
this Website
I first became aware of the Mithraic Mysteries in
the early 1960s, when I took two seminars given by the well-known MIT professor of the history
of science, Giorgio de Santillana
(1902-1974). At that time I was a very young college undergraduate who had
been fortunate enough to convince Professor de Santillana that I should be
permitted to take his seminars, which were usually reserved for graduate students
only. At that time, Professor de Santillana was at the peak of his intellectual
powers; in 1961 he had published what I
believe was his finest book: The Origins of Scientific Thought
from Anaximander to Proclus, 600 B.C.
to 500 A.D. He was a good lecturer and was even
better in the give and take discussions of the seminar room. A great deal of
reading and essay writing was required, but it was very interesting to me and I enjoyed
making the necessary extra
effort. The main focus of the course was on the early Greek philosophers, who
flourished from about 600 to 300 B.C. Professor de Santillana took the position
that they had been extremely important in laying the intellectual foundation for
the European scientific revolution of the 17th century. We only spent a day or
two in discussing the Mithras cult and its significance to the philosophical and
astronomical thinking of the
Roman Empire. Even so, I do recall at least some of his ideas regarding the
connection between the main Mithraic myths and the astronomical knowledge of the
time.
Many years later, in 1970,
I acquired a copy of his last book, which he had co-authored with
Dr. Hertha von Dechend (1915-2001) entitled: Hamlet's Mill, An
Essay on Myth and the Frame of Time. Unfortunately, I was more than a little
disappointed in the lack of clarity and poor organization of the book. His main
thesis was one which he had also expressed during his seminar; unfortunately,
this published work lacked both focus and clarity. I later found out that
Professor de Santillana was in failing health at the time and that most of the
chapters in the book had really been written by his younger but less well
organized colleague.* One area of almost total omission was a discussion of the
Mithras belief system, even though this belief system was almost overflowing
with astronomical/astrological ideas. Indeed, there was only one reference to
Mithra (Mithras) which appeared on pages 263 and 264 of the book (see quotation
cited in the Introduction Section).
I have recently renewed my interest in the
Mithraic belief system after reading the online, current edition of the
Rosicrucian Digest; the entire issue is devoted to Mithras. The purpose
of this website is to discuss my ideas concerning this rather strange mystery
school and also record the ideas of Professor de Santillana on this subject, to
the extent that I am able to recall them. It is to the memory of Giorgio Diaz de
Santillana that I dedicate this website.
*
By my reckoning, only six of the 23 chapters were written or mostly written by
Giorgio!
Contents
Mithras, god of the morning, our
trumpets waken the wall
Rome is above the nations, but thou art over all
Now as the names are answered, and the guards are marched away
Mithras, also a soldier, give us strength for the day
Mithras, god of the noontide, thy heather swims in the heat
Our helmets scorch our foreheads, our sandals burn our feet
Now in the ungirt hour, now ere we blink and drowse
Mithras, also a soldier, keep us true to our vows
Mithras, lord of ages, below you we march
Invincible sun, the flame of life, you dwell within our hearts
Mithras, god of the sunset, low on the western main
Thou descending immortal, immortal to rise again
Now when the watch is ended, now when the wine is drawn
Mithras, also a soldier, keep us pure till the dawn
Mithras, god of the midnight, here where the great bull dies
Look on thy children in darkness, oh take our sacrifice
Many roads thou hast fashioned, all of them lead to the light
Mithras, also a soldier, teach us to die aright
Mithras, lord of ages, below you we march
Invincible sun, the flame of life, you dwell within our hearts
Mithras, lord of ages, below you we march
Unconquerable sun, the flame of life, you dwell within our hearts
"It will help
now to take a quick comparative look at the different "dialects" of mythical
language as applied to "Phaethon" in Greece and India. The Pythagoreans make
Phaethon fall into Eridanus, burning part of its water, and glowing still at the
time when the Argonauts passed by. Ovid stated that since that fall the Nile
hides its sources. ... This is the "birth" of the valid representatives of both
the poles, the sons of Mitra and Varuna and also of their successors. To follow
up the long and laborious way leading from Rigvedic Mitravaruna to the latest
days of the Roman Empire where we still find a gloss saying " Mithra
funis, quo navis media vincitur" - "Mithra is the rope, by which the
middle of the ship is bound," would overstep the frame of this essay by far.
Robert Eisler
relying upon his vast material, connected this fetter of "rope," Mithra, right
away with the "ship's belt" from the tenth book of Plato's Republic."
-- Giorgio de
Santillana and Hertha von Dechend, Hamlet's Mill (1969), pages 263-264.
The following is a partial list of books and
other sources that I used in the construction of this website:
- Giorgio de
Santillana and Hertha von Dechend,
Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge And Its
Transmission Through Myth
(1969).
- Giorgio de
Santillana,
The Origins of
Scientific Thought; from Anaximander to Proclus, 600 B.C. - 500 A.D.
(1961).
- Porphyry,
On the Cave of the Nymphs (First
Published - Late 3rd
century A.D., Thomas Taylor Translation - 1823).
- David Ulansey, The Origins of the Mithraic
Mysteries (1989).
- Manfred Clauss, The Roman Cult of Mithras
(German Edition - 1990, English Edition - 2001).
- Peter Levenda, Stairway to Heaven (2008).
- Jane B. Sellers, The Death of Gods in Ancient
Egypt (Revised Edition - 2007).
- Friedrich Nietzsche, The Pre-Platonic
Philosophers (English Language Edition - 2001).
- Walter Cruttenden, Lost Star of Myth and Time
(2006).
- Marvin W. Meter, Editor, The Ancient Mysteries
(1987).
- Franz Cumont,
The Mysteries of
Mithra (1903).
- Google Maps -
Map of the Locations of Mithraic Sites.
-
Journal of Mithraic Studies - Online.
-
Mithras: All the
Passages in Ancient Texts that Refer to the Cult - Online.
- Rosicrucian Digest,
The Mithraic Mysteries, Volume 88, Number 2, 2010.
-
Sir Norman
Lockyer,
The Dawn
of Astronomy (First published 1894, MIT Press Edition 1954).
My Websites
I currently
support twenty-four websites. Fifteen sites are related to philosophy and art
and nine are related to genealogy and local history. Hyperlinks to those sites
are shown below.
Philosophy and Art:
* Sites that are still under
construction
Genealogy and
Local History:
Copyright© 2011 by Phil
Norfleet
All Rights Reserved. Published in the
United States of America. My essays and other narratives, provided at this web
site, may be reproduced for nonprofit personal or educational use only. Any
commercial use of these materials is a violation of United States copyright laws
and is strictly prohibited.
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